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　　下面的雅思閱讀模擬題的主要內容是討論了俄勒岡州的一種農業的耕種方法。看看大家能不能在20分鐘之內做出來文章后面的13道題。　　Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestions113whicharebasedontheReadingPassagebelow.　　OniongrowersineasternOregonareadoptingasystemthatsaveswaterandkeepstopsoilinplace,whileproducingthehighestqualitysupercolossalonions.PeargrowersinsouthernOregonhavereducedtheiruseofsomeofthemosttoxicpesticidesbyuptotwo-thirds,andarestillproducingtop-qualitypears.RangemanagersthroughoutthestatehavecontrolledthepoisonousweedtansyragwortwithinsectpredatorsandsavedtheOregonlivestockindustryupto$4.8millionayear.　　ThesearesomeoftheresultsOregongrowershaveachievedincollaborationwithOregonStateUniversity(OSU)researchersastheytestnewfarmingmethodsincludingintegratedpestmanagement(IPM).Nationwide,however,IPMhasnotdeliveredresultscomparabletothoseinOregon.ArecentU.SGeneralAccountingOffice(GAO)reportindicatesthatwhileintegratedpestmanagementcanresultindramaticallyreducedpesticideuse,thefederalgovernmenthasbeenlackingineffectivelypromotingthatgoalandimplementingIPM.Farmersalsoblamethegovernmentfornotmakingthenewoptionsofpestmanagementattractive.Wholesalechangesinthewaythatfarmerscontrolthepestsontheirfarmsisanexpensivebusiness.TonyBrown,oftheNationalFarmersAssociationsays.Ifthefarmersaregiventaxbreakstooffsettheexpenditure,thentheywouldwillinglyacceptthenewpractices.Thereportgoesontonotethateventhoughtheuseoftheriskiestpesticideshasdeclinednationwide,theystillmakeupmorethan40percentofallpesticidesusedtoday;andnationalpesticideusehasrisenby40millionkilogramssince1992.OurfoodsupplyremainsthesafestandhighestqualityonEarthbutwecontinuetooverdoseourfarmlandwithpowerfulandtoxicpesticidesandtounder-usethesafeandeffectivealternatives,chargedPatrickLeahy,whocommissionedthereport.Greenactiongroupsdisagreeaboutthesafetyissue.Thereisnowaythathabitualconsumptionoffoodstuffsgrownusingtoxicchemicalsofthenaturefoundontodaysfarmscanbehealthyforconsumers,notedBillBowler,spokesmanforGreenAction,oneofmanylobbyistsinterestedinthisissue.　　TheGAOreportsinglesoutOregonsappleandpearproducerswhohaveusedthenewIPMtechniqueswithgrowingsuccess.AlthoughOregonisclearlyaheadofthenation,scientistsatOSUaretakingtheGovernmentAccountingOfficecriticismsseriously.Wemustcontinuetodevelopeffectivealternativepracticesthatwillreduceenvironmentalhazardsandproducehighqualityproducts,saidPaulJepson,aprofessorofentomologyatOSUandnewdirectorof　　OSUsIntegratedPlantProtectionCentre(IPPC).TheIPPCbringstogetherscientistsfromOSUsAgriculturalExperimentStation,OSUExtensionservice,theU.S.DepartmentofAgricultureandOregonfarmerstohelpdevelopagriculturalsystemsthatwillsavewaterandsoil,andreducepesticides.InresponsetotheGAOreport,theCentreisputtingevenmoreemphasisonintegratingresearchandfarmingpracticestoimproveOregonagricultureenvironmentallyandeconomically.　　TheGAOreportcriticizesagenciesfornotclearlycommunicatingthegoalsofIPM,saidJepson.　　Ourchallengeistogreatlyimprovethecommunicationtoandfromgrowers,tolearnwhatworksandwhatdoesnt.TheworkcomingfromOSUresearchersmustbeadoptedinthefieldandnotsimplylanguishinscientificjournals.　　InOregon,growersandscientistsareworkingtogethertoinstigatenewpractices.Forexample,afewyearsagoscientistsatOSUsMalheurExperimentStationbegantestinganewdripirrigationsystemtoreplaceoldditchesthatwastedwaterandwashedsoilandfertilizerintostreams.Thenewsystemcutwaterandfertilizerusebyhalf,kepttopsoilinplaceandprotectedwaterquality.　　Inaddition,thenewsystemproducedcropsofverylargeonions,ratedsupercolossalandhighlyvaluedbytherestaurantindustryandfoodprocessors.ArtPimms,oneoftheresearchersatMalheurcomments:Growersarefindingthatwhentheyadoptmoreenvironmentallybenignpractices,theycanhaveexcellentresults.Thenewpracticesbenefittheenvironmentandgivethegrowerstheirsuccess.　　OSUresearchersinMalheurnexttestedstrawmulchandfoundthatitsuccessfullyheldsoilinplaceandkeptthegroundmoistwithlessirrigation.Inaddition,andunexpectedly,thescientistsfoundthatthemulchedsoilcreatedahomeforbeneficialbeetlesandspidersthatpreyononionthripsanotoriouspestincommercialonionfieldsadiscoverythatcouldreducetheneedforpesticides.Iwouldneverhavebelievedthatwecouldreplacetheartificialpestcontrolsthatwehadbeforeandstillkeepourgoodresults,commentedSteveBlack,acommercialonionfarmerinOregon,butinsteadwehaveactuallysurpassedexpectations.　　OSUresearchersthroughoutthestatehavebeenworkingtoreducedependenceonbroadspectrumchemicalspraysthataretoxictomanykindoforganisms,includinghumans.Consumersarerightlyputtingmoreandmorepressureontheindustrytochangeitsrelianceonchemicalpesticides,buttheystillwantapicture-perfectproduct,saidRickHilton,entomologistatOSUsSouthernOregonResearchandExtensionCentre,whereresearchershelppeargrowersreducetheneedforhighlytoxicpesticides.PictureperfectpearsareanimportantproductinOregonandtraditionallytheyhaverequiredlotsofchemicals.Inrecentyears,theindustryhasfacedstiffcompetitionfromoverseasproducers,soanynewmethodsthatgrowersadoptmustmakesenseeconomicallyaswellasenvironmentally.Hiltonistestingagrowthregulatorthatinterfereswiththemoltingofcodlingmothlarvae.Anotherstudyusedpheromonedispenserstodisruptcodlingmothmating.Theseandothermethodsofintegratedpestmanagementhaveallowedpeargrowerstoreducetheiruseoforganophosphatesbytwo-thirdsandreduceallothersyntheticpesticidesbyevenmoreandstillproducetop-qualitypears.TheseandotherstudiesaroundthestatearepartoftheeffortoftheIPPCtofindalternativefarmingpracticesthatbenefitboththeeconomyandtheenvironment.　　Questions18　　Matchtheviews(18)withthepeoplelistedbelow.　　1.Thereisadoubleadvantagetothenewtechniques.　　2.Expectationsofendusersofagriculturalproductsaffecttheproducts.　　3.Theworkondevelopingthesealternativetechniquesisnotfinished.　　4.Eatingfoodthathashadchemicalsusedinitsproductionisdangeroustoourhealth.　　5.Changingcurrentfarmingmethodsisnotacheapprocess.　　6.Resultshaveexceededanticipations.　　7.Theresearchdoneshouldbetranslatedintopracticalprojects.　　8.TheU.S.producesthebestfoodintheworld.　　TBTonyBrown　　PLPatrickLeahy　　BBBillBowler　　PJPaulJepson　　APArtPimms　　SBSteveBlack　　RHRickHilton　　Questions9-13　　ReadthepassageaboutalternativefarmingmethodsinOregonagainandlookat　　thestatementsbelow.　　Inboxes9-13onyouranswersheetwrite:　　TRUEifthestatementistrue　　FALSEifthestatementisfalseNOTGIVENiftheinformationisnotgivenintheadvertisement　　9.IntegratedPestManagementhasgenerallybeenregardedasasuccessintheUS.　　10.OregonfarmersofapplesandpearshavebeenpromotedassuccessfulexamplesofIntegratedPestManagement.　　11.TheIPPCusesscientistsfromdifferentorganisations.　　12.Strawmulchexperimentsproducedunplannedbenefits.　　13.Theappleindustryisnowfacingalotofcompetitionfromabroad.

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